Pakistani community of London

Pakistani community of London

Notable British people of Pakistani descent:
James Caan, Natasha Khan
Total population
Estimated at around 200,000
2.2% of London's population
(20% of the total Pakistani population in the UK)[1][2]
Regions with significant populations
London
Newham, Waltham Forest, Redbridge, Hounslow, Brent, Ealing, Croydon, Harrow, Barking & Dagenham, Wandsworth, Hillingdon, Barnet
Languages

English (British English, Pakistani English) · Punjabi  · Urdu and others
Religion

Majority Islam (92%)
Minority Christianity (1%)
Related ethnic groups

Asian British · Overseas Pakistanis · Pakistani people

The Pakistani community of London (also called London Pakistanis) consist of Pakistani emigrants and their descendants who have settled in London, the capital city of England and the United Kingdom. Pakistanis in London are the largest concentrated community of British Pakistanis; people from regions which are now part of Pakistan began to settle in London even before the country's independence.[3] Whilst British Pakistanis who live in other parts of the UK such as Birmingham, Bradford, Oldham and the surrounding towns originate predominantly from the Mirpur area of the Kashmir region, Pakistanis in London represent a more diverse mixture of South Asian subgroups including Balochis, Punjabis, Kashmiris, Pashtuns, Muhajirs and smaller numbers of Sindhis among others.[4] A substantial number of British Pakistanis who arrived to London in the 1960s were qualified Teachers, Doctors and Engineers.[5]

Contents

Demographics

Pakistanis in London are mostly Muslims who speak Urdu and Punjabi amongst other languages.[7] The main concentrations of Pakistani settlement in London are, North East, West and South West London.[4] Newham is home to 15% of all London Pakistanis.[8]

Region Population Pakistani population Pakistanis as a % Main Boroughs (%)
Greater London[9] 7,456,100 200,000 2.2% Newham (8.7%)
Waltham Forest (7.7%)
Redbridge (6.6%)
Hounslow (4.4%)
Brent (4.3%)
Ealing (3.9%)
Croydon (2.6%)
Harrow (2.5%)
Barking & Dagenham (2.2%)
Wandsworth (1.9%)
Hillingdon (1.8%)
Barnet (1.6%)

Number and percentage of Pakistani population by Borough

Part of a series on
British
Pakistanis
History
Category
Demographics
Pakistani communities · Bradford
Pakistani community of London
Languages
Urdu · others
Culture
Balti (food) · Balti Triangle
British Punjabi writers
Discrimination
Fictional British Pakistanis
Religion
Islam in England
Notables
List of British Pakistanis
English people of Pakistani descent
Scottish people of Pakistani descent
Welsh people of Pakistani descent
Northern Irish people of Pakistani descent
Related topics
Pakistan – United Kingdom relations
Britons in Pakistan
British Asian
2001 Oldham race riots
2001 Bradford riots
London Borough of All people, 2001 (Est) All people, 2008 Pakistani pop, 2001 (Est) Pakistani pop, 2006 Pakistanis as %, 2001 (Est) Pakistanis as %, 2005
City of London 7,185 7,900 23 100 0.3 1.3
Barking and Dagenham 163,944 168,900 3,055 4,300 1.9 2.2
Barnet 314,564 331,500 3,965 4,900 1.3 1.6
Bexley 218,307 223,300 334 400 0.2 0.3
Brent 263,464 270,600 10,626 11,700 4.0 4.3
Bromley 295,532 302,600 691 800 0.2 0.4
Camden 198,020 235,700 1,250 1,300 0.6 0.9
Croydon 330,587 341,800 7,429 9,500 2.3 2.6
Ealing 300,948 309,000 11,271 12,500 3.8 3.9
Enfield 273,559 287,600 1,717 2,200 0.6 0.9
Greenwich 214,403 222,900 1,902 2,700 0.9 1.1
Hackney 202,824 212,200 2,165 1,800 1.1 1.0
Hammersmith and Fulham 165,242 172,200 1,711 1,900 1.0 1.2
Haringey 216,507 226,200 2,046 2,400 1.0 1.3
Harrow 206,814 216,200 4,317 5,500 2.1 2.5
Havering 224,248 230,100 457 500 0.2 0.6
Hillingdon 243,006 253,200 3,816 5,000 1.6 1.8
Hounslow 212,341 222,600 9,127 10,700 4.3 4.4
Islington 175,797 190,100 912 1,100 0.5 0.8
Kensington and Chelsea 158,919 180,300 1,203 1,300 0.8 1.1
Kingston-upon-Thames 147,273 160,100 1,916 2,400 1.3 1.6
Lambeth 266,169 274,500 2,634 2,700 1.0 1.1
Lewisham 248,922 261,600 1,090 1,300 0.4 0.7
Merton 187,908 201,400 4,504 4,900 2.4 2.6
Newham 243,891 249,500 20,644 25,900 8.5 8.7
Redbridge 238,635 257,600 14,888 19,700 6.2 6.6
Richmond-upon-Thames 172,335 180,100 664 1,000 0.4 0.8
Southwark 244,866 278,000 1,118 1,200 0.5 0.6
Sutton 179,768 187,600 1,216 2,000 0.5 0.9
Tower Hamlets 196,106 220,500 1,486 1,400 0.8 0.8
Waltham Forest 218,341 223,300 17,295 19,700 7.9 7.8
Wandsworth 260,380 284,000 5,449 5,500 2.1 1.9
City of Westminster 181,286 236,000 1,828 2,200 1.0 1.4
Inner London 2,766,114 43,559 1.6
Outer London 4,405,977 99,190 2.3
London 7,172,091 7,560,000[10] 142,749 170,500 2.0 2.3
England and Wales 52,041,916 54,450,000[11] 714,828 916,700[12] 1.4 1.8
United Kingdom 58,789,194 61,400,000[13] 747,285 977,285 1.3 1.7

Note: (Est) - Estimated

Source: 2001[14]

Religion

In similarity to Pakistanis living other parts of the UK, 92% of Pakistanis in London are Muslims. The other 6% are made up of people who did not declare their religion, Christians make up 2% and those with no religion made up 1%.[14] Pakistanis make up only 22% of London's Muslim population, in contrast to 43% for British Pakistanis living throughout the UK.[4]

Economics

The main industries which the Pakistani community of London are employed in include wholesale and retail (including self-owned grocery stores or newsagents).[15] In 2001, 0.6% of businesses in London were owned by British Pakistanis.[15] 20% of London's Pakistani population are self-employed.[15]

The percentage of London Pakistanis employed in managerial, senior official or professional occupations is 33%, which is slightly higher than the London average of 32%. It is also higher than the percentage of London Bangladeshis (22%) and similar to the percentage of Indians (34%) and Other Asians (31%).[16]

The unemployment rate for Pakistani males and females in London is lower than the national average British Pakistanis living in other regions of Britain. Pakistanis are the only ethnic group (along with White Britions) who have a lower worklessness rate in London than in other areas of Britain.[17]

Social class

As of 2001, almost equal amounts of Pakistanis in Inner (45%) and Outer London (46%) were middle class.[18]

Middle class by Borough

Borough Pakistani middle class Overall middle class
Waltham Forest 44% N/A
Haringey 36% N/A
Newham 32% 37%

Source:[18]

Between 1991 and 2001, out of the total growth in the London Pakistani population, 52.7% of the growth was in the middle classes.[18]

Growth in the middle class as a proportion of all growth

Region Growth
England & Wales 36.4%
South East 39.6%
Greater London 52.7%
Outer London 52.6%
Inner London 52.8%

Source:[18]

Growth in managers and professionals as a proportion was 22.8% between 1991 and 2001.

Growth in managers and professionals as a proportion of all growth

Region Growth
England & Wales 15.8%
South East 18%
Greater London 22.8%
Outer London 22.6%
Inner London 23.5%

Source:[18]

There are stark social differences in Pakistanis living in different boroughs of London. Whilst in Brent and Harrow London Pakistanis are fairly prosperous and mostly Middle Class. The opposite is true in Newham, where they are mostly working class and more likely to suffer from deprivation.[19]

Several upper class Pakistanis also live in London, sometimes only for part of the year. The former presidents of Pakistan Nawaz Sharif and Pervez Musharraf currently reside in London.[20][21]

Education

Key Stage 2

At Key Stage 2 Pakistani children in London have higher attainment rates in both English and Maths, when compared with the British Pakistani average.[22]

GCSEs

In contrast to Pakistanis from other regions of Britain. Pakistanis in London achieve above average GCSE Pass Rates. For example, in 2004, 50.2% of London Pakistani boys achieved five or more A*-C grades, compared with the national average of 46.8%. Furthermore, 63.3% of Pakistani girls in London reached that threshold compared to the national average of 57%.[5]

GCSE Pass Rates (5 A*-Cs) by London Borough

Latest figures available, regarding London Pakistanis, by local authority, dated: year 2004.

Borough Pass Rate
Redbridge 64.9%
Ealing 54.0%
Newham 52.7%
England Average (All Ethnic Groups) (2004): 51.9%[5]
Waltham Forest 49.9%
British Pakistani Average (2004): 45.2%[5]

The achievement of Pakistanis in London at GCSE level is 10 percentage points higher than that of Pakistanis throughout England.[22]

Degree Level Qualifications

Pakistani applicants to universities are over-represented by 7.5% from Greater London.[5] In education, Pakistanis in London performed the highest out of all British Pakistanis in the 2001 census. This is not just reflected in above average GCSE pass rates but also in degree level qualifications, with 32% of London Pakistanis having degree level or higher qualifications. This is marginally higher than the London average of 31% and is more than twice as high as the figure for London Bangladeshis (15%), equal to the figure for "Other Asians" and comparable to the figure of 34% for London Indians. Pakistanis in Inner London do slightly better than those in Outer London, with 33% reaching the benchmark compared to 32% in Outer London. The figure is higher than the national average of 20% and almost twice as high as the figure for Pakistanis throughout the UK (18%). Pakistani men are better qualified than the average Londoner,[15] with 37% possessing a degree level or higher qualification, although Pakistani women have fewer educational qualifications, with 27% having the same qualifications. The figure for Pakistani women in London is still higher than the national or British Pakistani national average.[23]

Notable Londoners of Pakistani origin

See also

References

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  18. ^ a b c d e Philip Cohen and Michael J. Rustin. "London's turning: Thames Gateway London's turning, The Making of Thames Gateway". Ashgate. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=fBJLH49xa-YC&dq=London's+turning:+Thames+Gateway-prospects+and+legacy&printsec=frontcover&source=bl&ots=D6YdnpNvXa&sig=E7Wiie0Aiti9bYfWoqASmwQ_Wx8&hl=en&ei=LdeTSoqOJ96OjAfwm9GADg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#v=onepage&q=pakistani%20middle%20class&f. Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
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  29. ^ Riz Lateef BBC London Presenter Profile, 8 June 2009